Abstract
In recent decades, the number, and height of buildings have increased dramatically. As height has become a kind of urbanization all over the world, people tend to build high-rise buildings, but the higher the building height, the greater the risk. Safety is one of the main tributaries on which the local economy is based, and it occupies an important place at the level of international organizations anywhere to protect lives and property. These towers accommodate a large population density, and given the large number of floors, the difficulty of controlling the spread of fire and evacuating the building's occupants appears. Therefore, the study aims primarily at a general evaluation of the available research dealing with design variables in high-rise buildings and their effects on the spread of fire, whether in terms of temperature, smoke, or toxic gases. The architect’s role is activated through the development and improvement of design methods and the efficiency of the building's functional performance and protection measures when fire hazards occur in these buildings.
