Abstract
Environmental monitoring and industrial automation use WSNs extensively. Since sensor nodes have limited batteries, WSNs must be energy efficient. LEACH helps WSNs capture energy-efficient data. Cluster heads affect LEACH protocol energy consumption and network lifespan. This paper improves LEACH protocol cluster head selection with the genetic algorithm Algorithm. The program chooses cluster heads that maximize network energy efficiency. Cluster heads represent solutions in the Genetic Algorithm's genetic model. Energy efficiency measures fitness, selection, crossover, and mutation boost fitness. We extensively simulated to test our proposed strategy. We compared LEACH-GA, the original LEACH protocol, and various optimization methods. This article shows 100% network lifespan improvement compared to various routing protocols including; LEACH-C, FIGWO, GA-LEACH, PSO, ABC-SD, CGTABC2& ACO, LEACH, I-LEACH, I-LEACH. Whereas it gives 54% compared to ED-LEACH, and 28% compared to GADA-LEACH. The LEACH-GA algorithm outperforms the baseline LEACH algorithm and other algorithms in energy in terms of energy efficiency, network lifetime, and data aggregation. Our paper introduces a novel cluster head selection strategy for the LEACH protocol, which advances WSNs as Genetic Algorithms are integrated. The LEACH-GA algorithm increases energy efficiency and network longevity. Thus, it offers a feasible solution for energy-constrained WSN applications to help build and deploy effective WSN protocols, improving sensor network sustainability and dependability.
